<p>Seathwaite Tarn is a reservoir in the Furness Fells within the English Lake District. It is located to the south of Grey Friar and to the west of Brim Fell  and north east of the village of Seathwaite on the east of the Duddon Valley.</p><br>
<p>In order to create a source of drinking water the existing tarn was considerably enlarged with a dam in 1904. During the dam construction some of the navvies rioted damaging buildings in the village, several rioters were shot, one dying the next day.</p><br>
<p>The dam is almost 400 yd long and is concrete cored with slate buttresses, the resulting depth of the tarn being around 80 ft. Water is not abstracted directly from the tarn, but flows some distance downriver to an off-take weir.</p><br>
<p>On the slopes of Brim Fell, above the head of the reservoir, are the remains of Seathwaite Tarn Mine. This was worked for copper in the mid 19th century, and also appears as a location in the novel The Plague Dogs by Richard Adams. Rocks in the area were the first confirmed occurrence of wittichenite in the British Isles.</p><br>
<p>Bronze Age ring cairns were found close to Seathwaite Tarn in 2003, these were excavated in 2003 and 2007.</p><br>
<p>Seathwaite Tarn has suffered from acidification. An experiment in 1992–1993 to reduce the acidification by using a phosphorus-based fertiliser increased the pH from 5.1 to 5.6 and changed the levels of the different species of the rotifer assemblage significantly.</p><br>
<h2>Repair and reconstruction</h2><br>
<p>A statutory inspection was completed by the All Reservoir Panel Engineer in January 2007 during which the Panel Engineer recommended that works be carried out to the concrete face of the dam and that additional measures be implemented to prevent further deterioration of the concrete. Following this recommendation, United Utilities commissioned MWH to undertake works to improve the condition of the existing concrete dams and to help to implement recommendations to ensure that the reservoir would meet the requirements for a Category A reservoir.</p><br>
<p>Work began in 2010, when the downstream face of the main dam was cleaned and loose concrete, efflorescence and other surface deposits were removed. The concrete face was then protected from further deterioration by using a cementitious repair mortar and siloxane waterproofer. The remedial works on the upstream face included the installation of a PVC geocomposite membrane, geonet drainage layer and associated drainage system to the upstream face of the main dam and the auxiliary overflow. The geomembrane is sealed on the concrete face along the foundation line and on the parapet wall 300 mm above the crest level to cover the joint between the upstream face and the parapet wall. The geomembrane covers a total surface area of 1,100m.</p><br>
<p>A Geomembrane drainage system was incorporated into the design to discharge water through 3 holes in the dam. Joints and cracks in the concrete were treated with an acrylic resin where the perimeter seal crosses the joint to prevent reservoir water bypassing the perimeter seal. A reinforced concrete wave wall was constructed to the same dimensions and levels as the existing but it extended into the high ground at the left and right ends of the dam. Finally, riprap erosion protection was laid at the left hand end of the dam to arrest erosion of the embankment. The material for the erosion protection was sourced from the reservoir basin.</p><br>
<p>The Callaghan Apartments, also known as the Plaza Apartments and Hotel and the Plaza Hotel, was built in 1918 in Hot Springs State Park in Thermopolis, Wyoming. It was at one time one of six hotels catering to tourists using the Big Spring of Thermopolis, a hot spring reputed to possess curative properties. The hotel was built by bricklayer James Callaghan, who obtained a 98-year lease on the site commencing on January 1, 1918. Callaghan made his own bricks in a kiln he built on the site, completing the Callaghan Apartments in June 1918. He employed several nurses and a masseur for his guests. In 1921 Callaghan sold the property to Dr. P.W. Metz who renamed it The Plaza.</p><br>
<p>The two-story yellow brick building overlooks the Big Horn River and originally had 70 rooms with a common bathroom at the end of each hall. The baths were once provided with mineral water. The building is U-shaped in plan, facing east with a concrete foundation under the central portion and stone foundations under the wings. The exterior walls are capped and accented by red bricks in a soldier course. Two-story window bays are outlined in red brick soldiers, and bays are marked with decorative red brick arches. The building was divided into 14 hallways, each with a bath. A spa area was divided into mens and womens areas with soaking tubs and a steam sauna, using 127-degree water from the Big Spring. The hot water was piped in a loop under the Big Horn River to temper it for bathing.</p><br>
<p>The Plaza was renovated in 1999 and remains a hotel. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Alpochori , is a village and a community in the municipal unit of Iardanos, Elis, Greece. Alpochori is situated on a low hill, 3 km west of Vounargo, 9 km northwest of Pyrgos and 7 km southeast of Amaliada. The Greek National Road 9  passes west of the village.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>Community</h2><br>
<p>The community of Alpochori consists of three villages: Alpochóri (Αλποχώρι, 216 inhabitants in 2011), Kapandríti (Καπανδρίτι, 35 inhabitants in 2011) and Chanákia (Χανάκια, 469 inhabitants in 2011).</p><br>
<h2>Sports</h2><br>
<p>In 1978, the football (soccer) club Aetos Alpochori was founded, it presently plays in the second division of the local championship. The team plays in its field that is named Tsaouseio and is named after Dionysios Tsaousis, who donated the field to the community.</p><br>
<p>The Vore Buffalo Jump is an archeological site in Crook County, Wyoming. A sinkhole, formed where gypsum soil was eroded, leaving a steep-sided pit about 40 ft deep and 200 ft in diameter. Native American hunters could stampede bison in the direction of the pit, which was deep enough to kill or disable the animals that were driven into it. The location is one of a number of buffalo jump sites in the north central United States and southern Canada. The Vore site was used as a kill site and butchering site from about 1500 AD to about 1800 AD. Archeological investigations in the 1970s uncovered bones and projectile points to a depth of 15 ft. About ten tons of bones were removed from the site. About five percent of the site has been excavated, and the pit is estimated to contain the remains of 20,000 buffalo.</p><br>
<p>The site was discovered during the construction of Interstate 90 in the early 1970s. The Vore site is located in a narrow strip of land between I-90 and old US 14. The site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The OHara Student Center, formerly the Concordia Club, is a three-story, 18,000 ft&sup2; building on the campus of the University of Pittsburgh on OHara Street in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is a contributing property to the Schenley Farms National Historic District and has since been renovated to house academic and student activity programs.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On January 21, 1874, a group of prominent German Jews, mostly members of the Rodef Shalom Congregation, met for the purpose of organizing a private club in Pittsburgh, "to promote social and literary entertainment among its members." The small group establishing the Jewish social club voted to host it at a private residence on Pittsburghs North Side and voted Judge Josiah Cohen to be its first president. The popularity of the Club called for a move to larger quarters on Stockton Street on the North Side. It was at this location that a conference of eighteen rabbis met at the Club in November 1885 to sign the defining document of American Reform Judaism termed the Pittsburgh Platform. The creation of this document is commemorated by a historical marker placed by the state of Pennsylvania near the location of the Club at the time. The Clubs growing acceptance encouraged a second move to the present quarters in Oakland, designed by a leading Pittsburgh architect, Charles Bickel. Characterized by the press as "a handsome facility," the new quarters opened formally on December 25, 1913.</p><br>
<p>The membership rolls of the club over the years included Pittsburgh Pirates owner Barney Dreyfuss, industrialist Leon Falk Jr., and department store magnate Edgar J. Kaufmann. Eventually, the club began including eastern European Jews, and in more recent years membership was open without regard to gender, race, ethnicity or religion.</p><br>
<p>When Concordia moved into its building on OHara Street in 1913, it was described as one of citys most opulent with notably elegant china, crystal and linens along with profuse flower arrangements. A 1915 article in the Jewish Criterion commented that the new club was "entirely complete with billiard rooms, banquet hall, rest and lounging parlors, reading quarters and sleeping accommodations." Later the club would add to its interior by installing elaborate dark-stained oak paneling rescued from the lower level and bar of the 1905 constructed Fort Pitt Hotel at 10th Street and Penn Avenue, Downtown when it was demolished in 1967.</p><br>
<p>At its peak the club had nearly 300 members, but in the face of declining membership and a shortage of cash, club members voted July 16, 2009 to approve the sale of their historic building to the University of Pittsburgh who will pay $2.1 million for the structure. The club continued its normal activities until the sale closed on December 14, 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration and use</h2><br>
<p>The University of Pittsburgh undertook $5.8 million in upgrades, preservation, and renovations that were completed in April, 2011 and provided almost 35,000 ft&sup2; of space in order to help alleviate shortages in student group event, meeting, and office space at the William Pitt Union. Upgrades included tearing out walls, updating the heating and cooling systems, replacing the roof, and upgrading the lighting. The first floor contains the oak paneled space for studying or socializing as well as a dining room that can double as a meeting room. A staircase, with original wood railings, leads to a second floor contains a 450-person capacity, sound system-equipped ball room that includes an open balcony, arched windows, and a small stage. From a previous renovation more than 50 years ago, the ballroom contains three chandeliers, one larger than the others, and a number of sconces. Renovations to the ball room included restoring access to the balcony, applying gold leaf trim to the wall panels, and a restoration of the chandeliers, including replacement of the light bulbs with LEDs, by the original lighting fabricator located in Pittsburgh&#39;s Strip District. The basement of the Student Center is used as a storage area for student groups. The facility also houses the Math Assistance Center, the Freshman Studies Program, and the student Writing Center.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The Concordia Club was used for location shoot in the movie Sorority Row (2009).</p><br>
<p>The Adams County Courthouse is located at 110 West Main Street in West Union, Ohio, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Adams County was formed in 1797 as the fourth county of the Northwest Territory which would soon form the state of Ohio. The first county seat was in Manchester but no courthouse was ever built at that location. The first official county seat of the territory was Adamsville and the county officials met in various locations, as, like Manchester, no courthouse was constructed.</p><br>
<p>The Ohio General Assembly moved the county seat to West Union, the current county seat, and plans for a courthouse were drafted. This first courthouse was a simple log structure of oak, poplar, walnut and blue ash. The courthouse stood two stories high and had a footprint of 30 feet by 24 feet. This structure was replaced in 1811 by a stone and brick building. This building also stood two stories high with a pitched roof resting on an unadroned entablature. A cupola rose from the roof line and could be seen around the town. The building remained until 1876 when a new courthouse was constructed. It was around this time that Manchester unsuccessfully petitioned to be named the county seat.</p><br>
<p>The present courthouse replaced the courthouse of 1876 after a fire wiped out the structure and all of the court records. Constructed from 1910 to 1911 by architect T.S. Murray, the building was built from a bond passed that raised $50,000.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<p>The building was built with yellow bricks with unadorned rectangular windows. The entrances were lined with red brick pilasters supporting a pediment roof. The roof was flat with a balustrade. A rectangular tower rises from the center of the building and is crowned with four arches supporting a dome. The dome is relatively unadorned and houses a four-faced clock.</p><br>
<p>Renovation in 1975 saw a northern addition containing a courtroom, jail, office space, and the county sheriff&#39;s living quarters (which was formally retired in the late 1990s). The front portico was also added and includes four bottom pilasters supporting a balcony, with four pilasters supporting the pediment above.</p><br>
<h2>Interior</h2><br>
<p>The main entrance contains a unique decoration, a mounted head of the white-tailed deer commonly found throughout Ohio. The 27-point buck was found frozen in a creek by local boys Steven & Donnie Swayne and Tommy Dryden, who then carried the head of the deer back to town. The find caused much debate, as the wildlife officer for Adams County claimed the buck was found dead and did not belong to anyone. After much debate and petitions, the head made its way to the courthouse in 1976 and has been proudly displayed in the courthouse ever since.</p><br>
<p>Ana Sagar Lake is an artificial lake situated in the city of Ajmer in Rajasthan state in India. It was built by Arnoraja , the grandfather of Prithviraj Chauhan, in 1135 -1150 AD and is named after him. The catchments were built with the help of local populace. The lake is spread over 13 Kilometers. The Baradari or pavilions were built by Shahjahan in 1637 and Daulat Bagh Gardens by Jehangir. There is a Circuit house on a hill near the lake that used to be British Residency. There is an island in the center of the lake which is accessible by boat. Boats could be hired from the east side of the Dault Bagh. There are Chowaptty and Jetty walkway next to each other and Baradari to capture the scenic of the lake. The lake is the biggest one in Ajmer, with the maximum catchments area . The maximum depth of lake is 4.4 m with storage capacity of 4.75 million cubic meter. The Rajasthan High Court has banned construction in the catchment areas of the lake basins.</p><br>
<h2>List of Lake In India</h2><br>
<p>List of lakes in India</p><br>
<p>The Scottish Rite Temple, also known as Scottish Rite Cathedral or Santa Fe Lodge of Perfection, in Santa Fe, New Mexico was begun in 1911 and completed in 1912. It was a filming location for the 2016 Tina Fey film Whiskey Tango Foxtrot.</p><br>
<p>In 1909 Santa Fes paper, The Daily New Mexican announced that local (he lived and had offices in both New Mexico and Colorado) architect Isaac H. Rapp had been awarded the commission to design a new Scottish Rite Cathedral. A few months later, in July of the same year, it printed a perspective by Rapp showing a grand Neo-classical styled design for the Temple. Only a week later the same paper printed that Rapps plans had been considered to be "not satisfactory."</p><br>
<p>Shortly afterwards it was announced that the Los Angeles architectural firm of Hunt and Burns had been employed instead. They produced a Moorish Revival style structure based loosely on one of the gatehouses to the Court of the Lions at the Alhambra in Spain. Hunt and Burns were well known for their designs in the California Spanish Mission Revival architecture style, but decided instead to base their design on a connection between the Spanish building tradition of New Mexico and that of the Moors in southern Spain.</p><br>
<p>Still somewhat shocking today is the building was, and still is (as of 2014) clad in pink colored stucco.</p><br>
<p>That Isaac Rapp did not get the commission was not a huge loss to him as he was to build his design in 1913 as the Las Animas County Court House, in Trinidad, Colorado. Also, that he did not design the building that was ultimately built was apparently missed by some, as he has been erroneously listed as the architect of the building.</p><br>
<p>It was used historically as a clubhouse. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Château de la Guignardière is a 16th-century château located outside Avrillé, in the Vendée department, western France. It was begun in 1555, but was never completed. The building and park are open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The château was begun in around 1555 for Jean Girard, panetier, or breadmaster, to King Henri II. It was planned as a symmetrical building, flanked by tall wings. However, in 1563, Girard was assassinated, and the building site was abandoned. The master masons, who had been imported from Paris by Girard, dispersed across the local area, influencing the designs of several buildings in the area.</p><br>
<p>Further building was not carried out until the 18th century, when Sylvestre, Count of Chaffault, attempted to complete it. Ionic pilasters were added to the principal windows, surmounted by a pediment inscribed with the Counts armorial bearings and the date 1773. Gardens were laid out, and the large pond excavated. However, the Count, a royalist, was forced to flee the country following the arrest of Louis XVI during the French Revolution. During his absence, a republican mob plundered the château, defacing the armorial bearings, and killing the Counts children.</p><br>
<p>By the early 19th century the château was owned by the Marquis de Saint Denis, a keen agricultural improver. He transformed the gardens, and planted numerous exotic trees, including Magnolia, Swamp Cypress, Zelkova and California Redwood. His successor Henri Luce de Tremont also hoped to complete the château, but instead he chose to move the curved perron stair from the proposed central bay of the garden facade, to the actual central bay. From 1920, the statesman Georges Clemenceau rented a house, known as la bicoque, ("the shack") on the estate. He became friends with the owner, Amedée Luce de Tremont, and was regularly entertained in the dining room of the château. La bicoque is now a state property, and is open to the public as the Maison de Georges Clemenceau. The château remains privately owned, and is now open to the public. It has been classed as a monument historique since 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The château is an example of French Renaissance architecture. It comprises a three-bay section of three storeys, the proposed central block, and a tall wing of four storeys. The steeply-sloping slate roofs are supported on the original oak timbers, felled on the estate and dated by dendrochronology to 1556. The roofs are topped by very tall red-brick chimneys. Each window has a mullion and two transoms, made of granite, as are other decorative features. The interiors include large granite fireplaces, probably modelled on published designs by the Italian architect Sebastiano Serlio.</p><br>
<h2>Parc des Aventuriers</h2><br>
<p>The 86 hectare gardens of the château have been developed as the Parc des Aventuriers, a children&#39;s adventure trail and treasure hunt, based on the history of world exploration. Within the park are a number of prehistoric menhirs, as well as more recent garden features.</p><br>
<p>Altafjord  is a fjord in Alta Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The 38 km long fjord stretches from the town of Alta in the south to the islands of Stjernøya and Seiland. The 200 km long river Altaelva empties into the fjord at the town of Alta. At Stjernøya and Seiland islands, the fjord splits into two straits before emptying into the Norwegian Sea. Some of the larger side-branches off the main fjord include Langfjorden, Kåfjorden, and Korsfjorden.</p><br>
<p>The fjord was historically known as "Altenfjord", and was referred to as such by British historians throughout most of the 20th century.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Prehistoric culture</h3><br>
<p>A large number of prehistoric rock carvings have been found along the fjord, particularly at the bay Jiepmaluokta. These locations at Kåfjord, Jiepmaluokta, and Amtmannsnes are assigned a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The petroglyphs are dated from 4,200 BC to 500 BC, based on old shorelines and nearby prehistoric settlements.</p><br>
<h3>World War II</h3><br>
<p>During World War II there was a German naval base along the Kåfjorden, which branches off the main Altafjord. The German battleship Tirpitz was based at the village of Kåfjord (along the Kåfjorden). It was subject to attacks by British X class midget submarines in September 1943 (Operation Source), and in 1944 to air strikes in April (Operation Tungsten), July (Operation Mascot), August (Operation Goodwood), and September (Operation Paravane), after which Tirpitz was relocated to Tromsø, where a final bombing raid in November (Operation Catechism) sank the battleship.</p><br>
<p>Bryn Du Mansion is a historic house in Granville, a village in Licking County, Ohio, United States. The estate is owned by the village and is on the National Register of Historic Places. The mansion consists of 52 rooms and has 12 fireplaces. It occupies a site about one-quarter mile north of Newark-Granville Road, and one mile directly east of the village of Granville.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Local businessman Henry D. Wright originally constructed the mansion on this site as an Italianate Villa type structure in 1865. The outside of the building was made from sandstone quarried from the property. The villa had a central three-story tower flanked by two wings. The third story of the tower had three arched openings on each side and an arched central entrance facing the south. Jonas McCune became the owner within a year after construction and the property became known as McCune’s Villa.</p><br>
<p>Several others owned the property prior to John Sutphin Jones, a coal and railroad magnate, who purchased the property in 1905. Jones soon hired Frank Packard, a well known Columbus architect, to orchestrate the renovation of the mansion. The project took nearly five years and transformed the mansion into its Georgian-Federal style design. Among other renovations, Packard added the wings, increasing the width of the house from 100 to 140 feet, as well as the great Federal style portico on the south wall of the tower. The additions to the mansion were made from the same quarry stone as the original. Packard also constructed the outbuildings: the carriage house, the laundry house, and the horse barn.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the mansion has a combination of Federal and Georgian motifs. The decorative plaster ceilings are in the Adams (Federal-McIntire) manner.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Jones named the estate “Bryn Du,” which means Black Hills in Welsh, honoring his ancestral background and the area full of coal in which he made his fortune, namely southern Ohio.</p><br>
<h2>Jones' occupancy</h2><br>
<p>Jones "town house" being Monomoy Place, currently the home of the presidents of Denison University, Jones bought and renovated the McCunes Villa to serve as the country house for his first wife Sarah Fidelia Follett ("Sally") Jones. Unfortunately, Sally died in 1910, just as the renovations were being completed. Jones then remarried 1 August 1911, and lived in the mansion with his second wife, Alice Baxter Bartlett Jones, and their two daughters, Sallie and Alice. During the Jones’ occupancy, dinner was served to Calvin Coolidge, William Howard Taft and Warren G. Harding at the Mansion. Lillian Gish and Katharine Cornell sipped coffee and Paderewski and Rachmaninoff played the Steinway.</p><br>
<p>Jones died in 1927 and his elder daughter, Sallie Jones Sexton, inherited the property, living on the estate while managing the farm and the Granville Inn. Sallie became a local legend, famous for breeding and training show horses, and for her vivid personality and colorful language. Sallie’s storied management style led the estate into bankruptcy.</p><br>
<p>William M. and Ortha A. Wright (no relation to the original Wright owners) purchased the property in 1979 and renovated the mansion into a restaurant for a brief time. Quest International purchased the property in 1989 for their company headquarters.</p><br>
<h2>Longaberger era</h2><br>
<p>Dave Longaberger purchased the estate in 1995. Longaberger constructed the game courts and field house facilities and began a major renovation project of the existing buildings, which halted at the time of his death in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>An advisory election was held in November 2002 in the Village of Granville to determine public opinion regarding the purchase of the property. Sixty two percent of the voters in the Village of Granville supported the property purchase. The Village purchased the property on December 16, 2002 from the Longaberger Company. The Village conveyed ownership of half of the front field (16.12 acres) to the Granville Township for green space preservation.</p><br>
<p>The Brigham Young Oil Well is an oil seep near Evanston, Wyoming that was discovered and used by the original Mormon expedition to Utah under the leadership of Brigham Young. The party used the oil on the surface to lubricate wagon wheel hubs, as polish, and as a poultice. After the party reached Great Salt Lake, a group returned and dug a well at the seep for other pioneers. The well served until 1869 when the Union Pacific Railroad brought petroleum to Salt Lake City.</p><br>
<p>It is believed that the trappers who built Fort Bridger were aware of the well; however, its first published description appeared in an 1848 guidebook written by a W. Clayton, who accompanied the initial Mormon expedition that had settled the Salt Lake Valley in the previous year. Oil is comparatively plentiful in the immediate vicinity of the Young Oil Well. Among the nearest is the White Oil Well, located on the Hilliard Flat elsewhere in the same township, which Judge C.M. White began working in 1867. Although he reached a depth of 480 ft, he abandoned it in 1868; an oil company from Evanston later attempted to obtain more petroleum from the same site, but their efforts were soon abandoned.</p><br>
<p>The issuance of oil at the Young Well is believed to be the result of an underlying fault. Although secondary to the larger Absaroka Fault, it is substantial enough to permit the ascension of petroleum from oil shale. Both Hilliard Flat wells yield heavy crude oil; a 1905 survey suggested that it is derived from the same source as the a region&#39;s lighter Benton oil and proposed that the lighter content of the Hilliard Flat oil evaporates before it reaches the surface. This survey observed that oil seepage was then limited to just a few gallons per day.</p><br>
<p>In 1985, the site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its importance to the pioneers of 1847.</p><br>
<p>Rider–Hopkins Farm and Olmsted Camp is a historic farm and summer camp located at Sardinia in Erie County, New York. It consists of a 188.4 acre property containing a Greek Revival style brick farmhouse dating to the 1840s known as the James and Abigail Hopkins House. The property retains its original boundaries as purchased from the Holland Land Company in 1828. The property is also the site of the Olmsted Camp; a turn of the 20th century family summer camp in the Adirondack "Great Camp" tradition. The camp buildings are in the Arts and Crafts style and grounds are laid out in a naturalistic manner. The camp was designed by Harold LeRoy Olmsted ; a locally prominent architect, landscape architect, and artist, who was also a distant relative of Frederick Law Olmsted.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Fossa Carolina  was a canal named after Charlemagne in what is today the German state of Bavaria, intended to connect the Swabian Rezat river to the Altmühl river . It was created during the early Middle Ages, long before the Ludwig Canal and the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal. If it was indeed operational, this canal would have been the first to link the Rhine basin to the Danube basin, across the European Watershed. However, contemporary sources are contradictory as to whether it was ever finished or not.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Near Treuchtlingen and Weißenburg in Bayern the European Watershed between the rivers of the Rhine basin and those of the Danube basin is very narrow. Only around 2 km of fairly level terrain lie between the Swabian Rezat and the Altmühl.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Carolingian sources report that Frankish king Charlemagne gave orders to dig a 2 kilometers long canal from Treuchtlingen to Weißenburg in Bayern in 793. According to Einhard, writing around two decades later, Charlemagne was convinced by "supposed experts" that it would be possible to travel in comfort by ship from Rhine to Danube if the Rezat could be linked to the Altmühl. The king assembled a large number of workers and in person supervised construction in the fall of 793 of a 2,000 step long and 300 feet wide moat. Einhard reports that the project failed due to the marshy ground and continuous rainfall, which caused excavated material to slide back.</p><br>
<p>But other sources indicate that it was in fact completed and fully operational. The canal may have worked with several ponds, dikes and dams.</p><br>
<p>It seems that the goal of this work was to improve the transportation of goods between the Rhineland and Bavaria. Another theory claims that the main purpose was to bring back Charlemagne&#39;s war vessels from the Danube to the Rhine.</p><br>
<p>In the 19th century, the project inspired king Ludwig I of Bavaria to build the Ludwig Canal, which opened in 1846.</p><br>
<h2>Research</h2><br>
<p>Research by Robert Koch in 1992/3 showed that the floor of the canal was not level, but followed a step-like profile, rising from the direction of the Altmühl towards the north. Koch argued that the canal could have been flooded by damming the Rezat at Dettenheim and that the project could quite possibly have been finished. Geoarcheological work in 2009, however, showed that what had been considered an early medieval dam at Dettenheim was likely only built in the late Middle Ages and did not in fact serve to dam the Rezat.</p><br>
<p>A DFG research project at the site, started in 2012, is still ongoing. It is part of a project "Ports from Imperial Roman times to the early Middle Ages" and looks at what the original canal may have looked like - and if there are any indications of whether it ever actually linked the two rivers.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>Today, only a 500 meter long part of the canal still exists as a water-filled moat. It lies in the municipality of Treuchtlingen in the Ortsteil known as Graben. The heaps of dug out earth that make up the banks stretch further, totalling around 1,200 m, rising to up to 10 meters in height. To the north a dry section of around 700 meters follows which is still visible in the terrain but has been almost completely leveled.</p><br>
<p>The Henry W. Baker House is located at 233 S. Main St. in Plymouth, Michigan. It was built as a private home, but now houses commercial space. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1981 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Henry W. Baker</h2><br>
<p>Henry William Baker was born on February 10, 1833, in Richmond, Ontario County, New York. In 1842, his parents Samuel and Maria moved to Michigan, settling on a farm two-and-a-half miles west of Plymouth known as Cooper&#39;s Corners. Henry was the eldest of ten children; brothers Chauncey Elbridge, Oscar Nathaniel and Samuel Valentine, with sisters, Carolina Adelia Bennett, Janette "Nettie" Vrooman, Marietta "Mate" Hough, Frank Libby Adams, Anna Maria and Jennie L. Chadwick. H.W. Baker studied photography, and during the Civil War worked as a photographer in Ypsilanti, Michigan with his cousin, Edwin P. Baker. In 1866 he returned to Plymouth and entered into business. Mr. Baker was the Justice of the Peace for the Village of Plymouth in 1876. In 1882, he partnered with Mike Conner, Oscar A. Fraser, Calvin B. Crosby, Roswell Lincoln Root, S.J. Springer, David D. Allen, the Hon. Orlando R. Pattengell, brother-in-law, Lewis Cass Hough, J.P. Woodard, Theodore C. Sherwood, and inventor Clarence J. Hamilton, to flower the Plymouth Iron Windmill Company, of which Baker was President in the years 1887-88. Manufacturing Windmills was more or less successful, but in 1888 the company introduced the metal Daisy Air Rifle, which was also a Clarence Hamilton design, and moved prosperously away from the production of Windmills. In 1895, the company changed its name to the Daisy Manufacturing Company, and built an immense business in the manufacture of Air Rifles. Henry W. Baker was President of the firm from 1895 till the time of his death, at which point his nephew, Charles H."Mr. Plymouth" Bennett, took control of the firm. In 1904, Mr. Baker joined by his sister Caroline Bennett, along with his business partners within the Daisy Firm took the initial stock offering of the Ford Motor Company of Canada.</p><br>
<p>Baker was married twice: first to Flora Bromsfield, then to Angeline C. Myers. His house was contemporaneously described as "a beautiful home; a costly brick structure." H.W. Baker died at home, Monday November 24, 1919.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Henry W. Baker House is a two-story structure constructed from brick. The house is of a fanciful Italianate design, likely based on an illustration in a pattern book. The house was a landmark in Plymouth because of the unusual tower, shaped like a pagoda, atop the mansard roof. The house is asymmetrical in plan, with a cut stone foundation and a kitchen wing in the rear, extended by later additions of a carriage shed and cement block garage. The main section of the house is articulated with bay windows and porches, and gables on the upper story, most noticeable on the front facade. The entrance has arch-top double doors under a small porch; over that is a window with a gabled pediment.</p><br>
<h2>The Henry W. Baker House history</h2><br>
<p>Henry W. Baker built his house in 1875, and lived there until his death in 1919. His sister Anna lived in the home until 1943, at which time the pagoda tower was removed from the house during a renovation. The structure was converted to commercial use in the 1970s and neglected. The building was later restored, including the pagoda, and now houses a law practice. A state of Michigan historic marker is placed in front of the house, which incorrectly states that he died in the year 1920.</p><br>
<p>SM U-49&#39; was the seventh U-boat of the U-43 class. She was ordered on 4 August 1914 and was put into the III Flotilla 7 August 1916. Over the course of her career she had sunk 38 ships for a total of over , of those, none were naval ships. Her only commander was Kapitänleutnant Richard Hartmann who led the boat throughout its entire life until the day she was sunk on 11 September 1917 while operating in the Bay of Biscay. While surfaced, U-49 attacked the merchant ship , which had sailed Brest bound for Archangel, Russia, laden with munitions and other explosives. After a gun battle lasting five hours, she fired two torpedoes at British Transport; both missed, and the merchantman then rammed and sank her at {{coord|46|17|N|14|42|W}}; all hands were lost.</p><br>
<p>It was the first instance in the war when a merchant ship had sunk a U-boat. The skipper of British Transport, Captain A. T. Pope, was subsequently awarded the DSO.</p><br>
<h2>Summary of raiding history</h2><br>
<p>Rikas Landing Roadhouse, also known as Rikas Landing Site or the McCarty Roadhouse, is a roadhouse located at a historically important crossing of the Tanana River, in the Southeast Fairbanks Area, Alaska, United States. It is off mile 274.5 of the Richardson Highway in Big Delta.</p><br>
<p>The roadhouse is named after Rika Wallen, who acquired it from John Hajdukovich and operated it for many years. It became a hub of activity in that region of the interior. With the construction of the ALCAN (now Alaska) Highway and the replacement of the ferry with a bridge downstream, traffic moved away and patronage declined. The roadhouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976, and is now a centerpiece of Big Delta State Historical Park, also listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>The Richardson Highway, an important route through the Alaska Interior that contributed significantly to development and settlement of the region, began as a pack trail from the port at Valdez to Eagle, downstream on the Yukon River from Dawson. It was built in 1898 by the USA Army to provide an "all-American" route to the Klondike gold fields during the gold rush.</p><br>
<p>After the rush ended, the Army kept the trail open in order to connect its posts at Fort Liscum in Valdez, and Fort Egbert in Eagle. The Valdez-to-Eagle trail, and its branch to Fairbanks, became one of the most important access routes to the Alaska Interior during the Fairbanks&#39; gold rush of 1902, and the 1903 construction of a WAMCATS telegraph line along the trail. This was accomplished by men of the USA Army Signal Corps, directed in part by then-Lieutenant Billy Mitchell, who later rose to the rank of general.</p><br>
<p>Many roadhouses, some 37 in all</p><br>
<p>and some now listed on the National Register of Historic Places, were built along this trail for the convenience of travelers. These roadhouses offered meals, sleeping quarters, and supplies. They were typically located about 15 to 20 miles apart.</p><br>
<h2>Early activity</h2><br>
<p>The Tanana River was one of the major rivers to be crossed by travelers along the Valdez-Eagle trail. A ferry was established just upriver of the Tanana&#39;s confluence with the Delta River, at a location then called Bates Landing. Bates Landing was about 12 km north of the current settlement of Delta Junction, in the area known now as Big Delta. The government collected a ferry toll on the south side from all those traveling northbound.</p><br>
<p>The WAMCATS telegraph line was relocated to parallel the trail after a fire. McCarty Station was established at the line&#39;s crossing of the Tanana in 1907 to maintain the telegraph. Several log cabins housed the telegraph office, a dispatcher, two repairmen and their supplies.</p><br>
<p>A trading post was constructed on the south bank of the Tanana, at Bates Landing in April 1904 by a prospector named Ben Bennett on his claim of 80 acre, but Bennett sold the post and land to Daniel G. McCarty in April 1905. However since E.T. Barnette, the founder of Fairbanks, and McCartys former employer, had financed the goods in the post, Barnette retained ownership of them. The post property, now being used as a roadhouse, soon became known as McCartys. Another prospector named Alonzo Maxey, and a friend, built Bradleys Roadhouse to compete with McCartys and by 1907, McCarty&#39;s had been transferred to Maxey.</p><br>
<h2>Hajdukovich era</h2><br>
<p>In 1906, or perhaps sometime after,</p><br>
<p>Jovo John Hajdukovich (Jovo Hajduković, Јово Хајдуковић), an entrepreneur who had come to Alaska from Montenegro in 1903,</p><br>
<p>sensed a business opportunity and purchased the trading post and roadhouse from Maxey. Hajdukovich built a new and bigger roadhouse in 1909 using logs floated downriver. He continued to use the old trading post to store his gear.</p><br>
<p>Hadukovich had other business interests, including prospecting, freighting, acting as a hunting guide by taking hunting parties into the nearby Granite Mountains, and trading with, and advocating for, the Athabaskan natives.</p><br>
<p>(Later he was instrumental in founding the Tetlin Reserve.as mentioned in the review at</p><br>
<p>) After he was appointed as US Game Commissioner for the area,</p><br>
<p>he could no longer personally operate the roadhouse full-time. As with many informally managed roadhouses, Hadukovich asked travelers to "make themselves at home and leave some money on the table" for what they used. Despite this informality, the operations prospered.</p><br>
<p>Starting in 1904, the trail was improved and upgraded.</p><br>
<p>In 1907,</p><br>
<p>By 1910, the Alaska Road Commission completed the upgrade, making the trail usable as a wagon road. Major Wilds P. Richardson led the project and later became the namesake for the highway. He was promoted to general later in his career.) Stages plied the road, using horse-drawn sledges in winter and wagons in summer. By 1913 the roadhouse was a local center of activity for gold prospectors, local hunters, traders, and freighters.</p><br>
<p>Meanwhile Erika Rika Wallen, born Lovisa Erika Jakobson in 1874 on a farm near Örebro Sweden, immigrated with her sister in 1891 to the United States. They traveled to Minneapolis, Minnesota to join their brother Carl Jakobson. There they changed their last name to Wallen to distinguish themselves from the many other Jacobsons and Jakobsons. After Carl died in an accident, the sisters moved to San Francisco, which they heard was booming. Rika took a job as a cook for the Hills Brothers coffee family, which lasted until the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.</p><br>
<p>In 1916 Rika Wallen traveled to Valdez, reportedly "because she thought Alaska would be like Sweden".</p><br>
<h2>Rika Wallen takes over the Roadhouse</h2><br>
<p>After jobs cooking at the Kennecott copper mine and for a Fairbanks boarding house, Rika Wallen made her way to Big Delta. In 1917, or 1918, she was hired by Hadukovich to manage operations at his roadhouse, then still known as McCarty&#39;s.</p><br>
<p>Although Hadukovich had many business interests, he was not always solvent. For example, in later years he failed to be paid for timber he supplied to the ALCAN Highway project due to not keeping adequate records. In either 1918, or 1923, he transferred ownership of the roadhouse to Wallen for "$10.00 and other considerations," presumably in lieu of back wages. Their friendship and partnership continued for many years; historians and writers have not been able to define their relationship. Following local custom of naming places for people, the roadhouse was soon named Rika&#39;s.</p><br>
<p>At that time, the roadhouse had eleven bedrooms, a living room, and a large kitchen/dining area.</p><br>
<p>By 1925, Wallen had applied for US citizenship, and filed a homestead claim on 160 acre.</p><br>
<p>Rika was a talented farmer, and she successfully grew crops where others failed. She developed a heating and ventilation system for her stable to protect the livestock through the harsh winters.</p><br>
<p>When Wallen bought the roadhouse, it still had packed dirt floors and rough wood walls. To improve the interior, she scavenged wallpaper, sometimes using different patterns on different walls of the same room. She made a hardwood parquet floor from wooden kerosene crates collected from the freighters and boatmen who patronized the roadhouse. Her ability to grow crops and to make a pleasant space transformed the inn and its offerings. For meals, she provided fresh milk and eggs, berries, fish, game, and produce picked from the garden and nearby orchard. Afterward, travelers could go to clean, comfortable beds in the multi-story building. A 1929 travelogue of the Richardson Highway described Rika&#39;s by the following: "a commodious roadhouse boasting of such luxuries as fresh milk and domestic fowls."</p><br>
<p>About 1926, Rika added a wing, which she used for additional living space, a liquor store, fur storage, and the Big Delta (then known as Washburn) Post Office. She was appointed as the US postmaster and served until 1946. Eventually Wallen also homesteaded an adjoining piece of land, bringing her holdings to 320 acre.</p><br>
<h2>End of an era</h2><br>
<p>The construction of the Alaska Railroad was completed in 1922, but by the 1930s, due to effects of the Great Depression, freight traffic declined on the railroad. In 1935, the Alaska Road Commission tried to force shippers to use the railroad, and raised the toll at the Tanana ferry crossing to almost 10 dollars a ton. The truckers rebelled at this, with some violent skirmishes. Pirate ferry operations were started, lasting until the start of World War II.</p><br>
<p>With the coming of the war and construction of the ALCAN Highway, which connected to the Richardson south of Big Delta, road traffic waned further. The ferry crossing was replaced by a wooden bridge, and later, a larger steel bridge was constructed downriver. This caused rerouting of the highway away from the roadhouse, drawing off traffic and travelers. Wallen operated the roadhouse through the 1940s and early 1950s, although in later years guests were by invitation only. John Hajdukovich died in 1965, and Rika Wallen died four years later in 1969.</p><br>
<h2>Big Delta State Historical Park</h2><br>
<p>According to Judy Ferguson in Parallel Destinies, a biography of Hajdukovich and Wallen:</p><br>
<p>Rika&#39;s Roadhouse, the adjacent outbuildings, and property are preserved as the Big Delta State Historical Park. In 1976 the roadhouse was placed on the National Register of Historic Places, and the entire cluster was listed as the Big Delta Historic District in 1991. The structure was restored in 1984 by Stanton and Stanton Construction (owned and operated by brothers, Eldon and Richard Stanton). It was placed on a new foundation using original timbers, and in some areas, the packing crate floor was restored. It is now operated as a "house museum&quot some rooms have been fitted with 1920s-1930s period furniture and accessories donated by local residents. The property also has a food service facility called the "Packhouse Pavilion" operated by a local concessionaire.</p><br>
<h3>Contributing Properties</h3><br>
<p>The historical district contains a total of 18 contributing properties, built between 1906 and 1935:</p><br>
<p>Rika&#39;s Roadhouse, 64.15524&deg; latitude, -145.84058&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-059, built c. 1909.</p><br>
<p>Valdez-Fairbanks Trail, also known as the Richardson Road, 64.15447&deg; latitude, -145.84026&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-133.</p><br>
<p>Prospector&#39;s Trail, 64.15511&deg; latitude, -145.83903&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-134.</p><br>
<p>Rika&#39;s Garden, 64.15507&deg; latitude, -145.84086&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-135.</p><br>
<p>Outhouse, 64.15521&deg; latitude, -145.84114&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-136.</p><br>
<p>Barn, 64.15478&deg; latitude, -145.84094&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-137, built in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>Springhouse, 64.1548&deg; latitude, -145.84046&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-138.</p><br>
<p>Outbuilding, 64.15498&deg; latitude, -145.84074&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-139, built in the 1920s-1930s.</p><br>
<p>Windmill, 64.15509&deg; latitude, -145.84057&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-140, built 1932, replaced by a replica in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Ferryman&#39;s Cabin, 64.15563&deg; latitude, -145.84135&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-141, built c. 1929.</p><br>
<p>Alaska Road Commission Vehicle Scales, 64.15555&deg; latitude, -145.84073&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-142, built 1935.</p><br>
<p>Alaska Road Commission Storage Cabin, 64.15458&deg; latitude, -145.8392&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-143, built 1914.</p><br>
<p>McCarty Station Storehouse, 64.15496&deg; latitude, -145.83842&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-144, built 1906-1907.</p><br>
<p>McCarty Station Cabin Site, 64.15497&deg; latitude, -145.8382&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-145. The cabin was built in 1906-1907 and is no more standing.</p><br>
<p>McCarty Telegraph Station, 64.15499&deg; latitude, -145.83795&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-146. The cabin was built in 1906-1907, removed in 1967 and reassembled in 1991.</p><br>
<p>McCarty Station Stable Site, 64.15465&deg; latitude, -145.8388&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-147. The stables were built c. 1910 and are no more standing.</p><br>
<p>McCarty Trading Post Site, 64.15489&deg; latitude, -145.83572&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-148. The trading post was built in 1904 and is no more standing.</p><br>
<p>Cold Cache, 64.15528&deg; latitude, -145.83301&deg; longitude, AHRS# XBD-149.</p><br>
<p>The Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains  is a major group of associated mountain features extending east to west for 100 km between the Gjelsvik Mountains and the Orvin Mountains in Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica. With its summit at 3,148 m, the massive Jøkulkyrkja Mountain forms the highest point in the Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains.</p><br>
<h2>Discovery and naming</h2><br>
<p>The Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains were discovered by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938-1939), led by Capt. Alfred Ritscher, and named for the division director of the German Air Ministry. They were remapped by the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 1956-1960.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>Ahlstad Hills</p><br>
<p>Austreskorve Glacier</p><br>
<p>Austvollen Bluff</p><br>
<p>Båsbolken Spur</p><br>
<p>Breplogen Mountain</p><br>
<p>Buddenbrock Range</p><br>
<p>Cumulus Mountain</p><br>
<p>Djupedalen Valley</p><br>
<p>Djupedalshausane Peaks</p><br>
<p>Extreme points of Norway</p><br>
<p>Festninga Mountain</p><br>
<p>Festningsporten Pass</p><br>
<p>Flogeken Glacier</p><br>
<p>Gablenz Range</p><br>
<p>Gessner Peak</p><br>
<p>Grinda Ridge</p><br>
<p>Habermehl Peak</p><br>
<p>Håhellerskarvet</p><br>
<p>Halsknappane Hills</p><br>
<p>Hamarglovene Crevasses</p><br>
<p>Hamarøya Mountain</p><br>
<p>Hamarskorvene Bluff</p><br>
<p>Hoggestabben Butte</p><br>
<p>Høgsenga Crags</p><br>
<p>Huldreskorvene Peaks</p><br>
<p>Jaren Crags</p><br>
<p>Jøkulfallet</p><br>
<p>Jøkulhest Dome</p><br>
<p>Jøkulkyrkja Mountain</p><br>
<p>Kapellet Canyon</p><br>
<p>Katedralen Canyon</p><br>
<p>Kaye Crest</p><br>
<p>Kvea Valley</p><br>
<p>Kvithamaren Cliff</p><br>
<p>Kvitholten Hill</p><br>
<p>Kyrkjebakken Slope</p><br>
<p>Kyrkjedalen Valley</p><br>
<p>Kyrkjedalshalsen Saddle</p><br>
<p>Kyrkjeskipet Peak</p><br>
<p>Kyrkjetorget</p><br>
<p>Langflog Glacier</p><br>
<p>Langfloget Cliff</p><br>
<p>Larsen Cliffs</p><br>
<p>Lunde Glacier</p><br>
<p>Luz Range</p><br>
<p>Mount Grytøyr</p><br>
<p>Mount Hädrich</p><br>
<p>Mount Hochlin</p><br>
<p>Mount Kropotkin</p><br>
<p>Øvrevollen Bluff</p><br>
<p>Preuschoff Range</p><br>
<p>Skålebreen</p><br>
<p>Skålebrehalsen Terrace</p><br>
<p>Sloknuten Peak</p><br>
<p>Småkovane Cirques</p><br>
<p>Småsponen Nunatak</p><br>
<p>Snøbjørga Bluff</p><br>
<p>Snønutane Peaks</p><br>
<p>Snønutryggen</p><br>
<p>Snøtoa Terrace</p><br>
<p>Thälmann Mountains</p><br>
<p>Tønnesen Glacier</p><br>
<p>Torbjørn Rocks</p><br>
<p>Tvibåsen Valley</p><br>
<p>Vestreskorve Glacier</p><br>
<p>The Orvin Mountains  constitute a major group of mountain ranges, extending for about 100 km between the Wohlthat Mountains and the Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains in Queen Maud Land. With its summit at 3,055 m, the massive Sandeggtind Peak forms the highest point in the Conrad Mountains, a subrange of the Orvin Mountains.</p><br>
<h2>Discovery and naming</h2><br>
<p>First photographed from the air and roughly plotted by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938-1939), led by Capt. Alfred Ritscher. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named for Anders K. Orvin, director of the Norwegian Polar Institute from 1958 to 1959.</p><br>
<h2>Constituent ranges</h2><br>
<p>Constituent ranges of Orvin Mountains, listed from east to west:</p><br>
<p>Shcherbakov Range</p><br>
<p>Mount Dallmann</p><br>
<p>Conrad Mountains</p><br>
<p>Gagarin Mountains</p><br>
<p>Kurze Mountains</p><br>
<p>Drygalski Mountains</p><br>
<p>Filchner Mountains</p><br>
<p>The Sverdrup Mountains  are a group of mountains about 80 km long, standing just west of the Gjelsvik Mountains in Queen Maud Land, East Antarctica. With its summit at 2,655 m, the massive Mount Krüger forms the highest point in the Sverdrup Mountains.</p><br>
<h2>Discovery and naming</h2><br>
<p>First photographed from the air and roughly plotted by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (3rd GAE), 1938–1939. Mapped in detail by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and aerial photographs taken by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE), and again by a later Norwegian expedition. Named for Harald Sverdrup, Chairman of the Norwegian Committee for the NBSAE.</p><br>
<h2>Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition</h2><br>
<p>Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (NBSAE), 1949–1952</p><br>
<h2>Norwegian Expedition</h2><br>
<p>Luncke Expedition, 1958–1959</p><br>
<h2>List of important geographical features of the Sverdrup Mountains</h2><br>
<p>The Brown County Courthouse is located at 101 South Main Street in Georgetown, Ohio. The courthouse is the centerpiece of Georgetown and is included in the Georgetown Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Brown County was formed in 1818 and the county seat was placed in Ripley. A courthouse was started in 1821 but the county seat was moved to Bridgewater and then to Georgetown. The courthouse was constructed in 1823 and was a simple square structure made of red brick and a hipped roof. This courthouse was soon decided to be too small for the population and the county selected a plan from Hubbard Baker in March 1849.</p><br>
<p>The building is a fine representation of Greek Revival architecture and was completed in 1851. Wings extending from the courthouse were added in 1914 for extra room. A fire started by an arsonist swept through the courthouse in 1977 and was determined to be started in the northern stairwell and the judge&#39;s chambers. Nobody has ever been accused or convicted of the crime. The county was placed with the decision to tear down the burnt husk and start anew or to repair the structure. After a vote, the county decided to repair the structure to its pre-fire condition. Local citizens banded together to form the Brown County Courthouse Reconstruction Association to help repair the building. The courthouse was re-dedicated in 1982 to much ceremony.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse is built of bricks painted white with blue window and door trim. The windows are shuttered on both levels; a balcony is attached above the door and is accessed by a set of French Doors. The entrance from the square is recessed and is framed by two large Doric columns, Doric pilasters are found along the buildings walls. The roof aboves the entrance resembles a pediment but is actually a gable. The two wings also contain entrances but the door is not recessed like the main entrance. Two stacked rectangular drums protrude from the center of the building with an octagon drum supporting the dome. A four faced clock protrudes from the sides of the final drum.</p><br>
<h2>Grounds</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse rests in a town square bounded by Grant Street, Apple Street, Cherry Street, and Main Street. The site in front of the courthouse saw Morgan&#39;s Raiders enter town in 1863. The band gathered in front of the courthouse and hitched their horses for their short stay. There was no skirmish but a soldier on leave was shot and several horses and valuables went missing.</p><br>
<p>Crypt Chambers  is at 28–34 Eastgate Street and 34–40 Eastgate Row, Chester, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building and incorporates a section of the Chester Rows.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Crypt Chambers is built on the site of a medieval house whose undercroft is still present. The present building was constructed in 1858 to a design by T. M. Penson. It was built as a department store for William and Charles Brown of the Browns of Chester family of drapers.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The building is in four storeys plus attics. It is constructed in red and yellow sandstone with a roof of brown tiles. The façade is asymmetrical, having a square stair turret, with three bays to the east and one wider bay to the west. At the street level five steps at the base of the tower lead down to the undercroft and in the middle east bay eight steps lead up to the Row level. Between these are shop fronts. At the Row level are cast iron railings behind which are stallboards and above them are moulded arches. On the front of the tower at this level is a blank scroll, on the east face is a recessed panel containing the initials W. B. (for William Brown), on the west face the initials are C. B. (for Charles Brown) and on the rear face is a scroll inscribed AD 1858: CRYPT CHAMBERS. On each side of the entrance to the shop are the Chester City arms. In each of the third and fourth storeys of the east bays are three pairs of arched, two-light windows with slender columns between each pair. In the west bay are four two-light arched windows in each storey. At this level on the tower is a two-storey oriel window. Above these storeys, the central eastern bay has a gable containing a traceried window in a rounded triangle, on each side of which are three-light dormer windows. The west bay also has a gable; this contains a small triangular oriel. The tower has a four-light window between shallow buttresses. The top of the tower consists of a truncated spire with a gabled dormer on each face. At its summit is a cast iron rail.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The undercroft consists of four bays with chamfered rib-vaulting; the masonry is "of high quality". The architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner considered its undercroft to be "one of the best medieval crypts of Chester". Much of the structure above the undercroft has been changed or covered by modern materials.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>Crypt Chambers still contains a department store, Debenhams, which maintains its traditional name of Browns of Chester. The undercroft is used as a restaurant.</p><br>
<p>Lake Cheybek-Kohl   is in Altai Mountains and the Altai Republic, Russia. It is located in the upper reaches of the Chibit River, at elevation 1816 m. The lake is a natural phenomenon — it was formed by the damming of the river. It belongs to dam type of the lakes.</p><br>
<p>Because the lake has no fish, it is called Dead. The first theory was that mercury was in water. From this, Ivan Efremov wrote the story "Lake of Mountains spirits". The Mercury content is normal, but there are still no fish in the lake, because they cant be lifted to the lake. Now Cheubek-Kohl rental, there are growing fish.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>Т. Вдовина, Т. И. Злобина, О. Полунина Достопримечательности Горного Алтая. — Барнаул: Пять плюс, 2008. — 232 с. —</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The Dull Knife Battlefield is located on the eastern slope of the Bighorn Mountains in Johnson County, Wyoming near Kaycee. It was the scene of the Dull Knife Fight on November 25, 1876, in which the Fourth Cavalry under General Ranald S. Mackenzie raided the winter encampment of the NorthernCheyenne, destroying most of their material culture and all their winter supplies and thus forcing the Northern Cheyenne to seek shelter with the village of Crazy Horse in order to survive the winter. Five hundred ponies were captured and about 173 lodges destroyed. The Dull Knife battlefield is on private land and is available to visit only by special arrangement. The fight took place on November 25, 1876.</p><br>
<p>The battlefield site was considered by the Cheyenne to be sufficiently remote to be safe as winter quarters. The location is now the site of a ranch. The site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The HF Bar Ranch is located in Johnson County, Wyoming about 20 mi northwest of Buffalo, Wyoming in the foothills of the Bighorn Mountains near Saddlestring, Wyoming. The ranch is a working cattle ranch comprising about 36 buildings, built between 1898 and 1921. The ranch is associated with Wyoming state senator and USA Congressman Frank O. Horton, who purchased it in 1911 with financial help from his investment banker brother-in-law and sister-in-law, Warren and Demia Gorrell. The Gorrells and their children spent summers in Wyoming, while the Hortons stayed year-round.</p><br>
<p>The ranch includes a number of guest cabins built by the Hortons, Gorrells and their friends, who used the property as a guest ranch and a working ranch. Cabins are arranged along the banks of Rock Creek with a main house for the Hortons and a club house. Ranch structures are scattered through the site as well, with dormitories for wranglers. Most of the cabins are of log or rustic frame design.</p><br>
<p>The most significant building is the club house (1924), of log construction with a prominent front porch. Its hipped roof is supported by pine trunks and it features stone fireplaces. An office cabin built between 1911 and 1920 is also the Saddlestring post office. Two houses for Frank Horton and his son Jack are of stucco. Three cabins, known as the Salt Creek Cabins, were moved to the ranch from the Salt Creek Oil Field in the 1930s and were used to house wranglers.</p><br>
<p>The HF Bar Ranch was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Kanin Mountains or the Canin Mountains , mostly simply Kanin or Canin, are a mountain range in the Western Julian Alps, on the border of Slovenia and Italy. Their highest summit, Big Mount Kanin  is 2,587 m above sea level. They separate the upper Soča Valley in Slovenia from the Resia Valley in Italy.</p><br>
<p>On the Slovenian side of the mountain range, which is part of the Municipality of Bovec, lies a major ski resort, the highest in the country. Among a number of shafts, Vrtoglavica Cave holds the record for having the deepest single vertical drop (pitch) of any cave on earth, at a depth of 603 m.</p><br>
<p>The Kanin Mountains are an important identity symbol of the people of the Resia Valley, and several popular songs in the Resian dialect are dedicated to this group, which the locals call Höra ta Ćanïnawa, or simply Ćanen.</p><br>
<h2>Routes</h2><br>
<p>2½ hrs From D Postaja (The D-station of the Gondola lift), a challenging marked route.</p><br>
<p>5 hrs From B Postaja (The B-station of the Gondola lift), a very challenging marked route.</p><br>
<p>6¼ hrs From the Sella Nevea pass, climbing the via ferrata Rosalba Grasselli, a very challenging marked route.</p><br>
<p>4¾ hrs From the Sella Nevea pass, climbing the via ferrata Divisione Julia, a very challenging marked route.</p><br>
<p>Cowper House is a former town house at 12 Bridge Street, Chester, Cheshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building, and it incorporates a section of the Chester Rows.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Cowper House was built in 1664, following the destruction of many buildings in Chester during the Civil War. It was built above undercrofts dating from 1350–75, or possibly earlier. Alterations have been made to the building in the 19th and 20th centuries. Thomas Cowper had been mayor of Chester in 1641–42 and a Royalist supporter in the Civil War. The rear undercroft was excavated in 1839, and it is thought that the front undercroft is older than that in the rear.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The house is constructed in sandstone, brick, and timber framing with plaster panels. The roof is of grey slate. It has four storeys and a gable overlooking the street. The street level consists of a modern shop front on the right of which is a flight of 11 stone steps leading to the Row level above. At the Row level is another modern shop front. Between this and the street is a walkway, a sloping stallboard and a rail with balusters overlooking the street. Above the Row opening is a carved fascia. In the storey above is a window running almost the whole width of the building. Its frame projects from the wall and is carried on eight corbels. The window has 14 lights, is mullioned and transomed, and contains leaded lights. Below and on each side of the window are timber-framed panels. The top storey is jettied. At its base is a bressummer carved centrally with "•T•C•1664" (the initials are those of Thomas Cowper), on each side of which are carved patterns. The top storey has a ten-light mullioned and transomed casement window containing leaded lights. Below the window are eight panels containing wooden carvings, and two similar panels are on each side of the window. Above the window are quadrant-braced panels. The bargeboard is decorated with carvings and at its peak is a finial.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>Two steps lead down from the street to the front undercroft which is 16m long. At its rear, six steps lead down to the rear undercroft which is 13m long. This undercroft has six bays and is rib vaulted. At the far end is a three-light window. On the left side in the fifth bay is a stone stairway. In the third storey is a sandstone fireplace with a beam inscribed "TC 1661" on each side of a blank shield.</p><br>
<p>Erringham chapel is a former place of worship in the deserted medieval village of Old Erringham, north of Shoreham-by-Sea in the district of Adur, one of seven local government districts in the English county of West Sussex. Founded in the 11th century as a chapel of ease to St Nicolas&#39; Church in the Saxon riverside village of Old Shoreham, it was in use for several centuries until depopulation caused Old Erringham to become unviable as a settlement. The chapel fell into ruin, and its remains have been incorporated into a barn on the farm which now occupies the site of the village. English Heritage has listed the remaining structure at Grade II for its architectural and historical importance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The east bank of the River Adur—the area covered by the present-day town of Shoreham-by-Sea and its rural hinterland—was first settled during the Iron Age, and also saw Roman activity. During the Saxon era it became a prosperous agricultural area. Two villages developed next to the river: Old Shoreham, about 1 mi north of the English Channel and the river estuary, and Old Erringham, another mile to the north. Old Shoreham became important enough to support a large church—St Nicolas&#39; Church—by about 900, and its population at the time of the Domesday survey in 1086 was 76. Erringham is believed to have been founded as an exclusively agricultural settlement by a Saxon named Erra, who may have had a homestead there (archaeological evidence discovered in 1964 supports this; the remains of a Saxon hut were found). Seven people were recorded as living in Erringham in 1086.</p><br>
<p>A chapel of ease was built to serve the settlement in the 11th century. and a nave. and 13th William de Braose, 1st Lord of Bramber held the chapel and its mother church at the time of the Domesday survey in 1086; soon afterwards he or his son Philip founded the new town of New Shoreham at the river estuary and built a third church, dedicated to St Mary de Haura, there.</p><br>
<p>The chapel continued in service for about 300 years, but the rapid decline of Old Erringham village led to its abandonment. Because the village was thriving in the 13th century and was reliant on agriculture, its depopulation has been explained by a combination of the Black Death of the mid-14th century, changes in farming methods, and alterations in the flow of the nearby River Adur (which affected how the land could be farmed). By the 16th century, only one farm survived. The chapel fell into disrepair: the nave disappeared (although its foundations can still be seen) and only the chancel was left standing. This was converted into a barn on the farm.</p><br>
<p>The structure is still known as, and marked on maps as, "The Chapel". The east wall retains a stone-mullioned two-light window of the "Transitional" style between Norman and English Gothic architecture The north and south walls each have one small Norman-era lancet window. The entrance door is in the west wall. Modern additions include an iron roof and a concrete floor.</p><br>
<p>Erringham chapel was listed at Grade II by English Heritage on 8 May 1950. As of February 2001, it was one of 106 Grade II listed buildings, and 119 listed buildings of all grades, in Adur district.</p><br>
<p>Silver Lake is a small lake near Coboconk, in the Canadian province of Ontario. It is the lowest lake on the Gull River watershed, supplying water to Balsam Lake at the top of the Trent-Severn Waterway. Like many other lakes in the Kawarthas, Silver Lake lies in a depression formed between the Precambrian granite to the north, and the Ordovician limestone to the south.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Silver Lake is located along the Gull River and forms a portion of the boundary between the former townships of Somerville and Bexley. It is the southernmost lake in a chain of reservoirs feeding the Trent-Severn Waterway at its highest point.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The lake sits atop the dividing line between the Precambrian granite Canadian Shield to the north, and the Paleozoic and Ordovician limestone to the south.</p><br>
<p>Granite outcroppings can be seen beginning at the midpoint of the lake, including a small island in the north end of the lake with a cottage built upon it. On the south-east end, the limestone cuesta, which marks the boundary of the limestone and granite north of the lake, rises as a sheer cliff face several metres out of the water, following the length of the river southwest through Coboconk.</p><br>
<h2>Events</h2><br>
<p>An F1 (possibly an F2) tornado touched down and crossed the lake at around 2:45pm on July 26, 2008. Severe weather warnings were in effect at the time.</p><br>
<p>Large areas of forest were destroyed on either side of the lake, but no injuries or substantial damage to cottages was reported.</p><br>
<p>O.C. Fisher Reservoir  is an artificial lake located west of the city of San Angelo, Texas. With the financial support of the Upper Colorado River Authority, construction on the dam to form the reservoir was begun by the United States Army Corps of Engineers in 1947 and the lake was officially impounded in 1952. Originally named San Angelo Lake, the reservoir was renamed in 1975 for local USA Congressman O.C. Fisher, to honor his 23 years of service in the United States Congress.</p><br>
<p>O.C. Fisher Reservoir was established to provide flood control and a secondary drinking water source for San Angelo and the surrounding communities in Tom Green County. The lake also serves as a recreational venue for fishing, boating, and swimming.</p><br>
<p>Due to the 2011 drought affecting Texas, the water had taken on a reddish hue, caused by bacteria of the Chromatiaceae, which were thriving in the oxygen-deprived water. In March 2012, the reservoir was completely dry and was officially at 0% capacity. The lake remained between 0% and 1% capacity until May 2015 when near daily heavy rains caused the lake level to rise over 22 feet to just above 13% capacity in 1 month.</p><br>
<h2>Fish populations</h2><br>
<p>O.C. Fisher Reservoir had been stocked with species of fish intended to improve the utility of the reservoir for recreational fishing. Fish present in the lake include largemouth bass, white bass, catfish, and white crappie. Due to the severe drought of 2011, the reservoir completely dried up and caused the death of all remaining fish.</p><br>
<p>Twin Buttes Reservoir is an artificial lake located about 6 mi southwest of the city of San Angelo, Texas, and immediately upstream from Lake Nasworthy. With the financial support of the Upper Colorado River Authority, construction on Twin Buttes Dam to form the reservoir was completed in 1963. The dam is an unusual one &ndash; it dams the Middle and South Concho Rivers separately; a stabilization channel runs between the two sides of the lake. Water levels fell significantly during the 2010–13 Southern United States drought and remained low into 2014.</p><br>
<h2>Functions</h2><br>
<p>Twin Buttes Reservoir was established to provide flood control, irrigation, water conservation, and a primary drinking water source for San Angelo and the surrounding communities in Tom Green County. The lake also serves as a recreational venue for fishing, boating, and swimming. The dam and reservoir are owned by the United States Bureau of Reclamation, and are managed by the City of San Angelo.</p><br>
<h2>Fish populations</h2><br>
<p>Twin Buttes Reservoir has been stocked with species of fish intended to improve the utility of the reservoir for recreational fishing. Fish present in the lake include largemouth bass, white bass, catfish, and crappie.</p><br>
<p>Ras Ibn Hani  is a small cape located 8 km north of Latakia, Syria on the Mediterranean Sea. It is an important archaeological site as it was occupied almost continuously from the late Bronze Age until Byzantine times. The site now is in a major resort area called the Cote d&#39;Azur of Syria.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This coastal site lies a two-hour walk from the site of Bronze Age Ugarit, and survived in modest fashion Ugarits collapse at the end of the Bronze Age: "Ugarits inhabitants dispersed, but no crisis could neutralize their invaluable asset, the coasts best natural harbour on the promontory of Ras ibn Hani; it became known from its low white cliff as the White Harbour&#39; in later Greek coastal guidebooks, a name which persists in modern Arabic as Minet el-Beida", observes Robin Lane Fox, who identified Ras Ibn Hani as the site later Greeks knew as Betyllion, possibly a Hellenized version, he suggests, of the Semitic bait-El or "house of El, a name which, if that is the derivation, "confirms that Canaanite-Phoenician culture never entirely died at the site".</p><br>
<p>Robin Lane Fox notes that Trajan landed at this spot to join his troops in Syria for the fateful Mesopotamian campaigns of 114–117 CE.</p><br>
<p>The C.H. Nash Museum at Chucalissa cares for the Mississippian culture archaeological site known as Chucalissa  which means "abandoned house" in Choctaw. The site is located in T. O. Fuller State Park within the city of Memphis, Tennessee, United States. Chucalissa was designated National Historic Landmark in 1994 due to its importance as one of the best-preserved and major prehistoric settlement sites in the region.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Chucalissa is a Walls Phase mound and plaza complex that was occupied, abandoned and reoccupied several times throughout its history, spanning from 1000 to 1550 CE. It is located on a bluff overlooking the Mississippi River. Other contemporaneous groups in the area include the Parkin Phase, Menard Phase, and the Nodena Phase. It is known for the well preserved architectural, floral, faunal, and human osteological remains excavated there. During the early 1540s the Hernando de Soto Expedition passed through the area, stopping at many villages along the way. It is thought that the Walls phase may be the Province of Quizquiz encountered by de Soto on the banks of the Mississippi River. It is unlikely that Chucalissa itself was visited by the expedition, as it is thought to have been abandoned at the time.</p><br>
<h2>C.H. Nash Museum at Chucalissa</h2><br>
<p>Civilian Conservation Corps workers discovered Native American artifacts on the site in 1938 and archaeological excavations of this Mississippian mound complex were initiated. The C.H Nash Museum at Chucalissa and the rest of the village grounds have been operated by the University of Memphis since 1962.</p><br>
<p>In 1973 Chucalissa Indian Village was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Later, in 1994, it was declared a National Historic Landmark. The archaeological site and grounds are managed by the C.H. Nash Museum at Chucalissa staff and students. The museum, named after its founding director, curates an extensive collection of artifacts recovered during a 40-year period of systematic excavations. The site features a Mississippian mound complex, nature trail and arboretum, hands-on archaeology lab, and exhibits that explore the history and life-ways of Native Americans of the historic and prehistoric southeastern United States.</p><br>
<p>Mount Greville is a cone-shaped and deeply fissured mountain in South East Queensland, Australia. The mountain rises 720 m above sea level and is part of the Moogerah Peaks National Park. It lies approximately 100 km south west of Brisbane just outside the town of Boonah. Other prominent peaks in this Scenic Rim group of mountains includes Mount Edwards, Mount Moon and Mount French.</p><br>
<p>The local Uragapul people call this mountain, Meebatboogan, meaning place where the eagles rest. In 1828, the mountain was named after the Scottish botanist Robert Kaye Greville by the European explorer Allan Cunningham.</p><br>
<p>Palm Gorge is situated on Mount Greville. This narrow gorge contains a nearly pure stand of Piccabeen Palms.</p><br>
<p>The easiest path to the summit is via the south-eastern track which passes through stands of Eucalyptus dura at higher altitudes. After rain, climbing the mountain can be dangerous due to slippery rocks and the path&#39;s proximity to sheer cliffs.</p><br>
<p>The Coastal Mountain Range  is a mountain range in northwestern Syria running north-south, parallel to the coastal plain. The mountains have an average width of 32 km, and their average peak elevation is just over 1,200 meters with the highest peak, Nabi Yunis, reaching 1,562 m, east of Latakia. In the north the average height declines to 900 m, and to 600 m in the south.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>Classically, this range was known as the Bargylus; a name mentioned by Pliny the elder. The Greek "Bargylus" had its roots in the name of an ancient city-kingdom called Barga most probably located in the vicinity of the mountains; it was a city of the Eblaite Empire in the third millennium BC, and then a vassal kingdom of the Hittites, who named the mountain range after Barga.</p><br>
<p>Under the Hashashins were known as the Jabal Bahra (جبل بحراء). They are also sometimes known as the Nusayriyah Mountains or the Ansarieh mountains (جبال النصيرية Jibāl an-Nuṣayriyah) or the Alawiyin Mountains (جبال العلويين Jibāl al-‘Alawīyin); both of these names refer to the Alawi ethnoreligious group which has traditionally lived there, though the former term is based on an antiquated label for the community that is now considered insulting.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The western slopes catch moisture-laden winds from the Mediterranean Sea and are thus more fertile and more heavily populated than the eastern slopes. The Orontes River flows north alongside the range on its eastern verge in the Ghab valley, a 64 km longitudinal trench, and then around the northern edge of the range to flow into the Mediterranean. South of Masyaf there is a large northeast-southwest strike-slip fault which separates An-Nusayriyah Mountain from the coastal Lebanon Mountains and the Anti-Lebanon Mountains of Lebanon, in a feature known as the Homs Gap.</p><br>
<p>Between 1920 and 1936, the mountains formed parts of the eastern border of the Alawite State within the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon.</p><br>
<p>The Alexandria City Hall also known as the Alexandria Market House & City Hall, in Alexandria, Virginia, is a building built in 1871 and designed by Adolph Cluss. It was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1984. The site was originally a market from 1749 and courthouse from 1752. A new building was constructed in 1817 but after an extensive fire in 1871 it was rebuilt as a replica of the former building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site of Alexandria City Hall dates back to 1749 when a market was established there. In 1752, lottery proceeds funded the building of a town hall and courthouse</p><br>
<p>on the site, designed by local gentlemen. George Washington served as a justice in this court, which served Alexandria and Fairfax County (of which Alexandria was a part), and was a town trustee before the Revolutionary War. In 1817, a new three-story brick building was built along Royal Street, including a town clock tower designed by Benjamin Henry Latrobe. The tall-steepled tower became a prominent landmark. The Alexandria-Washington Masonic Lodge had its headquarters located in the building for some time. The original city hall was something of a complex, containing the Masonic Lodge, court facility, and both the principal police and fire stations of Alexandria. Market stalls were once situated on the first floors of the west and north wings and in the courtyard which are absent today.</p><br>
<p>A wide stairway with rails led from the public entrance on Fairfax Street into the courtrooms. In the northeast corner on the second floor were two offices for the Clerk, one for clerical use and the other for records storage. The Court Room in the northern section of the building on the second floor was 58 ft in length, 9 ft wide, and 20 ft high. It had thirteen windows, with six overlooking the market square below and seven located along Cameron Street. The wainscotting was made from yellow pine with walnut rails. Two doors in the western wall led into the judge&#39;s retaining room and to a stairway and private quarters of the judge and officers of the court. The main entrance to the Royal Street western wing was beneath the clock tower.</p><br>
<p>On May 19, 1871, an extensive fire gutted the building and, given the importance of the building, the townspeople raised enough money to pay for an exact replica of the 1817 building. The reconstruction was paid for by the sale of 2,000 shares in the Orange and Alexandria Railroad to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad for $40,000 and $10,000 insurance from the destroyed building.</p><br>
<p>Adolf Cluss, a prominent architect, originally from Germany, who had previously designed the USA Department of Agriculture building in 1869 and Washingtons Central Market in 1870 was swifly hired—within a week, according to the Alexandria Gazette—to draw up plans for the building. Cluss was especially noted for his technical skill and attention to building safety and strength. Cluss soon presented a plan for the new City Hall to the council, who authorized it formally on June 28, 1871. His design reflected his strong emphasis on safety and the new building would be constructed from brick with cast iron columns, and rolled iron beams and trusses with roofs made of metal or slate, discarding as many wooden or other combustible construction materials as possible. Delahay, an Alexandria based builder, presented a bid for $45,000, which was received and accepted on October 5, 1871. The Alexandria-Washington Lodge formally approved Clusss design on April 2, 1872, and on April 29, 1872, Delahay and Cluss began the construction of the Masonic portion of the building. The new City Hall would be U-shaped around a central courtyard. Another local architect, Benjamin F. Price, provided a plan for replicating the original Latrobe steeple and its estimated cost of $8,000 was paid for by private donors, notably John B. Daingerfield. Price&#39;s design for the reconstructed Latrobe tower was approved by the City government on June 12, 1872.</p><br>
<p>In the early 20th century, several alterations were made to the site. The Alexandria Fire Company, once located in the southwest corner, vacated the building and opened the way for the expansion of the police headquarters and prisoner detention cells on the first floor. The Court Records Room was relocated from the second floor to the northeast corner of the first floor and bathrooms were added.</p><br>
<p>In 1945, the Alexandria-Washington Masonic Lodge moved out of City Hall when the new George Washington Masonic National Memorial was completed on King Street. Interior renovation of the vacated space then commenced and a second Court Room was established on the second floor with additional offices. In 1960-61, an addition was built, filling in the old courtyard; it was not until 1981 that this addition was linked to the main building and elevators, stairs and corridors were added. A plaza, completed in 1967, is located towards the southern half of the City Hall block. It is an open, landscaped plaza with a central fountain, built as part of the Gadsby Commercial Urban Renewal Project. The current City Hall building houses many of the Alexandria government offices, including the City Council Chambers on the second floor.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>In designing the building, Cluss paid particular attention to the strength and durability of the framework. Alexandria City Hall consists of masonry bearing walls with cast-iron columns, supporting the wood ceiling and floor joists. It is constructed in the Second Empire style, incorporating three-dimensional massing, mansard roofs, and superimposed orders. The window types and sizes and decor are largely symmetrical. The majority of the building is laid out in two stories, although there are four three-story corner pavilions and a central four-story pavilion on the north facade. The north facade on Cameron street is approximately 238 ft long, with a breadth of 40 ft. Six bays divide the two-story sections and there were two entry doors to the Masonic Lodge. The top floors of the three-story pavilions have semi-circular windows and have hip roofs, two of which are gabled. The central pavilion is crowned by a grouping of three mansard roofs, whilst the two-story sections of the building have gabled roofs, sheathed in slate with galvanized iron cornices. The central pavilion originally had slate with wood cornices and a tin capping but following restoration work in the 1960s these were resheathed and the wood and tin was replaced with iron and copper respectively.</p><br>
<p>The central clock tower, unlike the rest of the roofing, is still in the original diamond pattern slate, crowned by a gold leaf finial and weather vane. It is a replica of the original 1817 market steeple and is constructed in the Georgian architectural style. The tower has a square rusticated brick base and is structured in three tiers, with the main entry door on the west facade. An inscription on the tower indicates that it was destroyed by a fire on May 19, 1871, and rebuilt in 1872. The tower is supported by two cast-iron columns with Corinthian capitals; above the clock is a smaller octagonal tier with eight narrow windows, enclosed by a wooden balustrade. The tower is crowned by a spire and a gilded weather vane. The west facade of Alexandria City Hall is approximately 148 ft long and consists of two-story section split with two three-story pavilions which are divided into three bays by four three-story brick piers.</p><br>
<p>The east facade of the hall is located on North Fairfax Street and is the same length as the west at 148 ft; it is 40 ft deep. It has a two-story section, divided into nine bays by brick pilasters, and is terminated on both ends by three-story pavilions which are three bays wide and have three-story corner piers. Some of the pilasters originally contained stove flues and were topped by brick chimneys, but these no longer exist. There is a door at the southern end of the facade which was once the main entrance of old police station. The door at the northern end led into the former Court House.</p><br>
<p>In 1967, the Gadsby Commercial Urban Renewal Project brought about the reorientation of the City Hall towards the southern facade with the new entrance facing King Street and Market Square. It is characterized by an open, landscaped plaza with a central fountain.</p><br>
<h2>Interior</h2><br>
<p>Little remains of the original interior furnishings from 1871, and all that remains are the masonry bearing walls and cast iron columns. The hall was extensively renovated several times in the twentieth century. Some traces of old plaster, paint, and wallpaper are visible in some parts however. In the second floor chamber of the northeast pavilion, the wooden framework is also visible from the cove ceiling. When the structure was extended in 1961 it was necessary to remove some of the original cast iron columns, leaving except ten columns in the central pavilion. When a new Court House opened on King Street in 1981, the court rooms, judicial chambers, prisoner holding cells, clerk&#39;s office, jury rooms, witness room, and ancillary facilities were moved out of City Hall. Today the building functions exclusively as a City Hall.</p><br>
<p>Le Môle is a mountain of the Chablais Alps in the Haute-Savoie department of France which dominates the area around the town of Bonneville. The communes of Ayze, La Tour, Saint-Jean-de-Tholome, Marignier, Saint-Jeoire-en-Faucigny, Viuz-en-Sallaz, Peillonnex, and Faucigny encircle it. It rises to 1,863 metres and affords an excellent 360-degree view of the surrounding region.</p><br>
<p>Though a small mountain by Alpine standards, it is of great geographic importance as it divides the vallée de l&#39;Arve to the south and the west from the vallée du Giffre to the north and southeast, and dominates the southern entrance to the Geneva basin. Mary Shelley, in her Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus, quotes Le Môle as being seen by Victor Frankenstein from Geneva, where he was born and lived before being a student in Germany.</p><br>
<p>Gilwern Hill is a hill about 3 mi / 5 km southeast of Llandrindod Wells in the county of Powys, Wales.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The hill is composed from a range of lower and middle Ordovician volcaniclastic rocks which form a part of the Builth Inlier. Palaeontologists Pete Lawrance and Brian Beveridge have spent 30 years examining fossils from a privately owned limestone quarry on the hill. Amongst fossils so far identified at this location are the trilobites Meadowtownella, Bettonolithus, Protolloydolithus and Anebolithus together with Conulariida, Iocrinus, Clonograptus and starfish</p><br>
<h2>Stone rows</h2><br>
<p>There are two prehistoric stone rows at the southern end of the hill, each with a large stone, more than 2m high, at one end.</p><br>
<p>Gyong La is a mountain pass situated on Saltoro Ridge southwest of the vast Siachen Glacier, some 20 km directly north of map point NJ9842 which defined the end of the 1972 Line of Control between India and Pakistan. With Pakistan controlling areas just to the west along Chumik Glacier, the immediate Gyong La area has been under pakistan&#39;s control since 1948. Dozens of Indian military tents and other equipment are visible on October 2013 Google Earth imagery both 670 meters northeast and 2.7 km east-northeast of Gyong La, linked by clear trails. The former Pakistani "Naveed Top" site 3.85 km west-northwest of Gyong La is visible on September 2001 Google Earth imagery at 5,800 m elevation, higher than both the Indian positions and Gyong La.</p><br>
<h2>Geopolitical issues</h2><br>
<p>There was military action at Gyong La, and nearby passes Sia La and Bilafond La, starting in 1984 during Operation Meghdoot, the first military action of the Siachen Conflict, which was part of a larger conflict, the Kashmir Conflict. Since 1989 Gyong La has been controlled by Indian forces, with Pakistani forces controlling areas i.e. Gyong and Chumik glaciers to the west.</p><br>
<p>In March 1989 Operation Ibex by the Indian Army attempted to seize the Pakistani post overlooking the Chumik Glacier. The operation was unsuccessful at dislodging Pakistani troops from their positions. The Indian Army under Brig. R. K. Nanavatty then launched an artillery attack on Kauser Base, the Pakistani logistical node on Chumik Glacier. The destruction of Kauser Base induced Pakistani troops to vacate their Chumik posts just west of Gyong La, and Operation Ibex concluded.</p><br>
<p>In June 1999, the Indian Army under Brig. P. C. Katoch, Col. Konsam Himalaya Singh seized control of pt 5770 (Naveed Top/Cheema Top/Bilal Top) on the southern edge of the Saltoro defense line, about 4 km west of Gyong La, from Pakistan troops.</p><br>
<p>The Rialto Theater in Casper, Wyoming was built as the New Lyric Theater in 1921. It was constructed with 800 seats by Henry Brennan who had a successful Vaudeville house, on which he based the new cinema. He almost immediately sold the building in 1922 to new owners who invested $50,000 in a remodeling project designed by Casper architects William Dubois and Leon Goodrich. The reopening in 1922 featured the William C. deMille movie Nice People, a silent film that was accompanied by the Chicago Netto Ladies Orchestra. In 1928 the Rialto began to show talkies.</p><br>
<p>The Riato measures 50 ft by 100 ft on a prominent corner site. The brick facade is plain in form but the brickwork is extensively detailed. A tall neon sign marks the corner, replacing the original metal sign and a marquee was added, covering the original leaded glass transoms over the storefronts. A tall parapet adds to the apparent mass of the theater. Storefronts on both frontages house retail shops. On the interior a balcony is reached by two curving stairs on either side of the lobby, replacing a single grand stair from the first design.</p><br>
<p>The Rialto continues to operate as a cinema. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Bukulja  is a mountain near Aranđelovac in central Serbia. This mountain is an extinct volcano, which has been proved by presence of granite rocks, which contains specific mineral composition. In the mountain foothills, there is water catchment Garaši, which provides Aranđelovac and nearby communities with fresh water.</p><br>
<p>The name of the mountain originates from the Serbian name for beech (bukva). Its slopes and its top are covered with dense woods of beech-trees. There are good paths and a paved road leading to the top. On the top there are a hunter&#39;s hostel, and many mountaineers and hunters visit them not only from Aranđelovac and its surroundings, but also from Belgrade and from other towns and villages of Serbia.</p><br>
<p>Bukulja is also known for the source of the mineral water Knjaz Miloš. Its source is 500 m deep and it is situated in extremely pure and ecological area, protected by layers of clay and granite of Bukulja mountain.</p><br>
<p>Stall Street in Bath, Somerset, England was built by John Palmer between the 1790s and the first decade of the 19th century. The buildings which form an architectural group have listed building status and are now occupied by shops and offices.</p><br>
<p>The street includes the side of the Grand Pump Room and the attached north and south colonnades. Number 3 Stall Street has the north colonnade attached and is on the corner of Abbey Church Yard and continuous with those buildings. The fountain which stood opposite them has now been moved to Terrace Walk opposite Parade Gardens.</p><br>
<p>Numbers 5 to 11 were built between 1805 and 1810. Numbers 5 and 6 balance numbers 10 and 11 with giant pilasters which rise up to the second floor.</p><br>
<p>Numbers 27 to 29 were built around 1820 and form a corner block with buildings in Beau Street. number 29 has a shop front dating from around 1900 with the others being more recent.</p><br>
<p>Numbers 35 and 36 are on the corner of Bath Street and are consistent with those buildings including the Ionic columns and have been designated as Grade I listed buildings.</p><br>
<p>Number 37, which forms part of Arlington House, is also Grade I listed.</p><br>
<p>Mount Moon is a lightly timbered, dome-shaped mountain in South East Queensland, Australia. The mountain rises 786 m above sea level and is part of the Moogerah Peaks National Park. It lies approximately 100 km south west of Brisbane just outside the town of Boonah. Other prominent peaks in this Scenic Rim group of mountains includes Mount Edwards, Mount French and Mount Greville.</p><br>
<p>The name given to the peak by local Aboriginals was Wummun. The mountain was established as a national park in 1953.</p><br>
<p>The peak is a rhyolite plug. The rise features a craggy landscape dominated by a prominent fracture that has been enlarged by erosion. Access to the mountain is via private property only, for which permission must be obtained.</p><br>
<p>Forbus is an unincorporated community located on USA Route 127 in Fentress County, Tennessee. Considered a crossroads community, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as an historic district called the Forbus Historic District. In 1991 it consisted of a general store, one house, and some outbuildings.</p><br>
<p>Early names for the community were Blue Rock and Gatewood. In the mid-19th century, the community was briefly home to a school known as the Van Buren Institute. Coal was mined in the area as early as the 19th century. In the early decades of the 20th century, the local economy was based on lumbering, barite mining, and farming. In the 1930s, the community supported a grade school with 84 pupils and 3 teachers, a high school, a weekly newspaper, and two churches.</p><br>
<p>The Forbus General Store was built by W. M. Johnson in 1892, and was operated by Johnson until his death in 1941. At one time, the store included a gas-powered gristmill, a blacksmith shop, and several granaries, but only the store stands today. The store purchased produce and furs from local residents, and at one point had a contract to supply locally-grown apples to a Pennsylvania brandy maker. The store in turn sold hardware, clothing, fertilizer and feed, school textbooks, guns, furniture, and caskets. The store&#39;s top floor was once used as a meeting place for an Independent Order of Odd Fellows lodge. The Forbus post office operated out of the store until 1965, and consolidated with the Pall Mall post office in 1972.</p><br>
<p>The Masonic Temple in downtown Casper, Wyoming is a Masonic hall, built in 1914 during a boom time initiated by the development of the Salt Creek Oil Field. Located on a corner site, the temple remains essentially as it was designed by Casper architect Homer F. Shaffer. The four story light-colored brick building rests on a raised basement and is topped by a crenelated parapet. The original windows have been replaced with vinyl units but retain the one-over-one appearance of the originals. Windows extend over the west and south sides. The north side is blank, while the east side is the building&#39;s rear facade and has fire escapes and a few windows.</p><br>
<p>The interior is arranged, from the bottom up, as basement, a first floor, containing the ballroom, the second floor containing the lodge and banquet rooms, and a second floor balcony. The basement contains a card room and once had a two-lane bowling alley. A now-unused caretakers apartment is on this level. A boiler room, dining room and kitchen are also found on this level. A half-story up, the main entrance opens into a vestibule with stairs descending to the basement and ascending to the first floor. A ballroom originally occupied most of the first floor, but was converted to a lodge room in 1964. A small orchestra stage was enclosed. Mens and ladies&#39; lounges or card rooms are also on this level. The second floor contains another lodge room, a banquet hall and a kitchen. The rooms on this level have high ceilings. A balcony overlooks the lodge room.</p><br>
<p>The estimated cost of the temple was $40,000. It was built by local contractor G.A. Ukensky. The ballroom and banquet hall were rented for public gatherings. By 1924 the lodge membership was 533. Homer Schaffer, the architect, practiced as an architect for only a few years between 1912 and 1915. He later became involved in furniture sales before moving to Cheyenne and becoming a car salesman after 1926. In 1931 he and his family moved to Alamosa, Colorado where he operated an electrical contracting business, designing buildings from time to time.</p><br>
<p>48 Hudson Avenue  is the oldest building in the city of Albany, New York. It was believed by Paul Huey, in the Albany architectural guide of 1993, to have been built in 1759 by Johannes Radliff when he married Elizabeth Singleton because he believed it was built after the stockade was moved south by one block. Research done by Albany historian John Wolcott proved that it had been occupied by Johannes van Ostrande between 1728 and 1734 and that a mortgage Radliff had on the house referred to it as "formerly van Ostrande." The Lamont-Doherty Earth Sciences laboratory of Columbia University performed dendrochronology on a wood core sample from the building to confirm that the building dated from 1728. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since January 10, 2008; prior to that, it had been a contributing property to the Downtown Albany Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>48 Hudson Avenue was built by Johannes van Ostrande in 1728 just outside the stockade walls and a few hundred yards from the old Fort Orange. Van Ostrande was a member of the Albany Common Council representing the First Ward, and in the 1750s sold the building to Johannes Radliff, a shoe-maker. During the 19th century the building was the home, and later factory, of Jared Holt. Holt made waxed thread used for sewing leather goods.</p><br>
<h2>Future</h2><br>
<p>48 Hudson Avenue sits within the core area of the proposed Albany Convention Center. The Albany Convention Center Authority has worked with the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation to preserve the structure, mitigate adverse impacts, and recover archaeological resources. The Authority has also spoken with the owner of 48 Hudson Avenue regarding efforts to preserve the building.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>As originally built it was a -story building, with a steep gable roof of fifty-four degrees. The house measured 23 by 33 feet with one large first-floor room and two lofts. The first floor was brick, while the top portion was pine shakes. The building has many rare features not often preserved in other buildings from its time, including a molded anchor beam, the outline of a jambless fireplace, wide pine exterior siding, wide floorboards, steeply pitched roof beams, and original brick walls.</p><br>
<p>Teapot Rock is a distinctive sedimentary rock formation in Natrona County, Wyoming that lent its name to a nearby oil field that became notorious as the focus of a bribery scandal during the Presidential administration of Warren G. Harding, the Teapot Dome scandal. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The eroded sandstone formation stands about 75 ft tall and is about 300 ft in circumference. It is located a few hundred yards east of Wyoming Highway 259, about 19 mi north of Casper, Wyoming in the Powder River Basin near Teapot Creek, a tributary of Salt Creek.</p><br>
<p>The outline of the rock once resembled a teapot and gave its name to several man-made and natural features, including a geologic structural uplift known as the Teapot Dome, and an oil field about 6 mi east. Over time, the features that gave the formation its name have been eroded by windstorms; the "handle" disappeared in 1930 and the "spout" in 1962.</p><br>
<p>In 1915, The Teapot Dome Oil Field was designated Naval Petroleum Reserve Number Three as part of a program to ensure that the USA Navy, which was converting to oil-fired boilers at the time, would have sufficient fuel reserves in an emergency. It was one of several related fields in the area, the largest of which was the Salt Creek Oil Field. By comparison with the Salt Creek Field&#39;s peak production of 35,301,608 barrels of 1923, the Teapot Dome field had about 64 wells, with few producing more than 150 barrels.</p><br>
<p>In February 2015, the field was sold by the Department of Energy.</p><br>
<p>Mount Stanford, at an elevation of 13,979 ft, is on the Kings-Kern Divide in Kings Canyon National Park. It is named for Stanford University. It is the fifteenth tallest mountain in California and is located about 3.6 mi from University Peak which was named for the University of California.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On August 1, 1896 Professor Bolton Coit Brown of Stanford made the first recorded ascent and requested that it be named Mount Stanford. Since there was another peak with the same name in Placer County, he suggested the peak he climbed be named Stanford University peak if his first choice was rejected. The decision was made to give the name Castle Peak to the summit in Placer County and Browns first choice was accepted. Three years later, on August 16, 1899, Stanford Universitys President, David Starr Jordan, also make the ascent with his wife and a party from Stanford. He had previously climbed in the Alps.</p><br>
<p>In 1911, the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) named a peak in honor of the Leland Stanford, an American tycoon, politician and founder of Stanford University. This other peak, with an elevation of 12,838 ft, is located 59 mi to the north-northeast overlooking Pioneer Basin in the John Muir Wilderness.</p><br>
<h2>Getting There</h2><br>
<p>Mount Stanford is described as a exposed scramble. It can be ascended by experienced mountaineers without ropes or special equipment during the late summer months. It can be most easily be reached from the Onion Valley trailhead, west of Independence and off U. S. Route 395.</p><br>
<p>The Charles Boyd Homestead is a group of three buildings that make up a pioneer ranch complex. It is located in Deschutes County north of Bend, Oregon, United States. The ranch buildings were constructed by Charles Boyd between 1905 and 1909. Today, the three surviving structures are the only ranch buildings that date back to the earliest period of settlement in the Bend area. The Boyd Homestead is listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Charles Boyd was born in Ontario, Canada in 1863. He immigrated to Michigan with his family in the 1870s. He move to Philipsburg, Montana in 1883, where he married Anna Wyman. Boyd went into the cattle business with his brother, William, and served as mayor of Philipsburg. In 1904, Boyd moved west, settling along the Deschutes River near Bend in Central Oregon. He bought a 6 acre tract of land on the east side of the river, bordering the Swalley Canal. In 1905, his family joined him, and he built a house on his 6 acre property.</p><br>
<p>Over the next few years, Boyd expanded his ranch and built a successful cattle and meat business. Boyd eventually owned 600 acre, much of it purchased under provisions of the Carey Desert Land Act of 1894. His property included pasture lands for his cattle and hay fields for winter feed. He butchered and sold meat locally, becoming the largest meat supplier in the Bend area. He had contracts to provide beef for railroad and canal construction crews and the Brooks-Scanlon Lumber Companys busy logging camps. Boyd also owed a butcher shop in downtown Bend. During the early years of the Great Depression, Boyd lost his big contracts as Bends saw mill cut production. He died in 1933; however, members of the Boyd family continued to live in the main ranch house until 1958.</p><br>
<p>In 1978, the nucleus of the historic Boyd ranch was sold to developers as the city of Bend expanded northward. In 1979, the Boyd family moved the remaining three homestead buildings to a new site approximately one quarter mile from their original location. The grouping is now located on Rivermill Avenue, approximately one quarter mile west of the Deschutes River. The new site is on a quarter-acre parcel that was part of Boyd’s 600 acre ranch. The new site is also adjacent to the Swalley canal where the buildings have been placed among old growth pine trees. This helps to maintain the character of the homestead.</p><br>
<p>The three surviving Boyd ranch buildings possess integrity of design, craftsmanship, and materials that make them a unique grouping. In addition, they are the only surviving ranch building dating back to the earliest period of settlement in the Bend area.</p><br>
<h2>Ranch buildings</h2><br>
<p>Boyd’s original ranch covered 600 acre and included a main house, bunk house, ice house, barn, hay shed, power house, corrals, feedlots, and a slaughterhouse as well as pastures and hay fields. However, only main house, bunk house, and ice house have survived into the 21st century. The main ranch house was built by Charles Boyd in 1905. The bunk house was constructed shortly after the main house and an ice house was added to the ranch complex in 1909. Today, these three building make up the Charles Boyd Homestead historic site just north of the Bend city limits.</p><br>
<p>The Boyd ranch house is a two-story rectangular structure measuring 26 by 32 ft. The main entrance is on the south side. It is a wood-frame structure with a gable roof and brick chimney. The original batten board siding was covered by shingles in 1914. The structure was originally built on a post and sill foundation; however, it was placed on a concrete slab when it was relocated in 1979. The first floor includes a living room and a bedroom from the building’s original construction plus a kitchen, a bathroom, and a side porch which were added in 1914. The interior board walls are covered with painted paper. Fir planks are used for flooring. Windows and doors are simple and have no molding. There are two bedrooms upstairs. Both rooms have tongue and groove wall paneling. In the 1930s, a front porch was added next to the kitchen. In the 1950s, the kitchen was remodeled and the main picture window in the living room enlarged. The original cooking stove, piano, and many other Boyd family furnishing remain in the house.</p><br>
<p>The bunk house is a single story rectangular building with a gable roof. It is located near the southwest corner of the main house with its entrance facing east. The bunk house measures 14 by 18 ft. There are only two windows, one on the west side of the building and the other on the south side. It has shiplap exterior siding and rough pine interior walls. Windows and doors are simple with no molding. Like the main house, it was placed on a concrete slab when it was moved to its current location in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The ice house is located east of the main house. It is rectangular structure measuring 16 ft by 24 ft. It is equal to two stories in height and has no windows. It has a wood frame structure with shiplap exterior siding and wood shingle roof. The interior walls are rough boards with saw dust insulation. The building was originally used to store blocks of ice needed to keep meat. During the winter, Boyd cut blocks of ice from Swalley Pond and packed them in sawdust. The building’s sawdust insulation preserved the blocks until they were needed in the summer. There are two sets of large double-doors on the south side of the building that were installed in the 1940s when the building was converted into a garage. It was used for that purpose until it 1978. Like the other two building, the ice house was placed on a concrete slab when it was moved to its current location in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Bonnie and Clyde Garage Apartment is located at 3347½ Oak Ridge Drive in Joplin, Newton County, Missouri, though it actually fronts on 34th Street. The apartment was the location where the Barrow gang hid out after a series of robberies in Missouri and neighboring states. After twelve days, neighbors reported suspicious behavior and on April 13, 1933, the Joplin Police Department raided the apartment. Two of the police officers were killed by the fleeing fugitives. Undeveloped photographs, left behind by the gang, helped the authorities eventually stop the gang. Stolen merchandise tied the gang concretely to a robbery in Joplin during their stay there. It was built about 1927, and is a two-story building on a poured concrete foundation. It has a gently pitched hipped roof and exposed rafter ends in the American Craftsman style.</p><br>
<p>The property was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on May 15, 2009 and the listing was announced as the featured listing in the National Park Service&#39;s weekly list of May 22, 2009.</p><br>
